Effect of violence exposure and emotional balance on depression among adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the relationship between violence exposure and depression in adolescents, and to explore possible moderating effects of emotional balance, so as to provide the evidence reference for understanding the status and characteristics of adolescents violence exposure.@*Methods@#A total of 2 506 middle school students from three middle schools in Ganzhou selected by convenient cluster random sampling. Violence Exposure Scale(VES), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D) and Emotional Balance Scale were used for questionnaire survey.@*Results@#There were statistically significant differences in the scores of violence exposure among middle school students of different genders, grades, whether the only child or not, father educational level,mother s educational level and family types ( t/F =3.85, 21.14, 2.90, 7.62, 8.13 ,8.12, P < 0.01 ). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of depression among middle school students of different genders, grades and family types ( t/F =-7.05, 18.61,7.42, P <0.01 ). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of emotional balance among middle school students of different genders, grades, father s educational level and mother s educational level ( t/F =7.93, 9.22, 7.71 ,6.86, P <0.01 ) . Emotional balance was positively related to the depressive mood of middle school students ( r =0.34, P < 0.01 )，and emotional balance was negatively related to depression( r =-0.20, P <0.01). Emotional balance had the moderating effect on violence exposure and depression among middle school students ( t =-3.35, β =-0.02, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#Violence exposure is related to depression of middle school students. Improving the emotional balance ability of adolescents can effectively reduce the negative effects of violent exposure on early adolescent depression, and reduce the incidence of adolescent depression.

Liver lobe-based magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging using multiple b values in patients with hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis: association with the liver disease severity according to the Child-Pugh class

OBJECTIVE: To determine the associations of liver lobe-based magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging findings using multiple b values with the presence and Child-Pugh class of cirrhosis in patients with hepatitis B. METHODS: Seventy-four cirrhotic patients with hepatitis B and 25 healthy volunteers underwent diffusion-weighted imaging using b values of 0, 500, 800 and 1000 sec/mm2. The apparent diffusion coefficients of individual liver lobes for b(0,500), b(0,800) and b(0,1000) were derived from the signal intensity averaged across images obtained using b values of 0 and 500 sec/mm2, 0 and 800 sec/mm2, or 0 and 1000 sec/mm2, respectively, and were statistically analyzed to evaluate cirrhosis. RESULTS: The apparent diffusion coefficients for b(0,500), b(0,800) and b(0,1000) inversely correlated with the Child-Pugh class in the left lateral liver lobe, the left medial liver lobe, the right liver lobe and the caudate lobe (r=-0.35 to -0.60, all p<0.05), except for the apparent diffusion coefficient for b(0,1000) in the left medial liver lobe (r=-0.17, p>0.05). Among these parameters, the apparent diffusion coefficient for b(0,500) in the left lateral liver lobe best differentiated normal from cirrhotic liver, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.989. The apparent diffusion coefficient for b(0,800) in the right liver lobe best distinguished Child-Pugh class A from B-C and A-B from C, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.732 and 0.747, respectively. CONCLUSION: Liver lobe-based apparent diffusion coefficients for b(0,500) and b(0,800) appear to be associated with the presence and Child-Pugh class of liver cirrhosis. .

The predictive value of early indicators for HBeAg seroconversion in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with Telbivudine treatment for 104 weeks.

Purpose: Through an observation on HBeAg-positive chronic hepatits B (CHB) patients in Telbivudine (LDT) treatment for 104 weeks, we tried to explore valuable early predictors for HBeAg seroconversion during the treatment. Materials and Methods: A prospective study lasting for 104 weeks was conducted, and the patients enrolled were administered with LDT 600 mg daily. The medical evaluation went every 12 weeks, then the age distribution, baseline ALT level, early HBVDNA, HBsAg and HBeAg levels at baseline, week 12 and 24 as well as the decrease of the three indicators at week 12 and 24 were analyzed for their predictive values for HBeAg seroconversion at week 104. Result: Thirty-three patients fi nished the observation. All patients got ALT normalisation and 28 patients (84.84%) got complete virological response (HBV DNA < 291 copies/ml) at week 104. Poor virological response and virologic breakthrough was observed in two (6.06%) and three patients (9.09%), respectively. Nine patients (27.27%) got HBeAg seroconversion. HBeAg levels and its decrease levels at week 12 and 24 showed signifi cant differences between patients with and without HBeAg seroconversion. And the HBsAg levels at week 12 and 24 showed tendencies of signifi cant differences in two groups. HBeAg level at week 24 was confi rmed related to its longer term seroconversion in regression analysis. The patients with HBeAg level < 2.1 S/CO at week 24 would be more possible to get HBeAg seroconversion at week 104, with sensitivity, specifi city, positive and negative predictive value of 95.83%, 88.89%, 95.8% and 88.9%, respectively. Conclusion: Good effi cacy of long-term LDT treatment in biological and virological response and its advantage in serological response was confi rmed again in our study. The HBeAg level at week 24 showed signifi cant value in prediction for HBeAg seroconversion at week 104 compared to other serological markers in the early period.

Management of Gas Gangrene in Wenchuan Earthquake Victims / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Gas gangrene is an emergency condition,which usually develops after injuries or surgery.This study was designed to investigate clinical characteristics,appropriate therapy,and effective control of nosocomial cross-infection of gas gangrene in Wenchuan earthquake victims.Data on diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of confirmed,suspected,or highly suspected gas gangrene were collected.Sixty-seven (2.41％) cases of suspected gas gangrene were found,in which 32 cases were highly suspected of gas gangrene and 5 cases were confirmed by culture of Clostridium perfringens.Thereof,injury sites were mainly located on the limbs,and typical indications,including crepitation,severe localized pain,swelling,wound discoloration,dark red or black necrotic muscle,foul smell as well as different degrees of systemic toxic performance were common among them.After hospitalization,all patients were isolated and had surgery quickly to remove dead,damaged or infected tissue.The wounds were also exposed for drainage and washed or padded with 3％ liquid hydrogen peroxide for disinfection before all diagnostic test results were available.Additionally,high doses of antibiotics (mainly penicillin) were given for the prevention of infection,and supportive therapy was applied for corresponding symptoms control.Among those cases,no fatality was reported.In summary,in post-disaster emergency relief,the diagnosis of gas gangrene should be primarily based on clinical manifestations; while patient isolation,wound debridement and disinfection,as well as antibiotics treatment,is the main measures for proper treatment and control of nosocomial infection for gas gangrene.

Study of feasibility of verifying setup errors for patients with head tumor by observing patients' SSD / 中国医疗器械杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To verify the feasibility of setup error verification by observing patents' source-skin distance (SSD) for patients of head tumor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Films for 21 patients with head tumor were recorded using simulator (Varian Acuity 8.6), and comparison with reference digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) from Treatment plan system (TPS). The deviation of setup for 21 patients in the left-right, anterior-posterior and superior-inferior directions were measured by using 2D match, and SSD error was recorded when gantry angle was 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 315 degrees. Then setup error and corresponding SSD error were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The systematic errors and random errors of 21 patients in the left-right, anterior-posterior and superior-inferior directions were (1.1 +/- 11.6) mm, (0.7 +/- 1.2) mm, (0.9 +/- 1.5) mm, and (1.51 +/- 3.1) mm, (1.05 +/- 3.3) mm, (1.60 +/- 2.3) mm. The systematic SSD errors and random SSD errors were (1.25 +/- 1.3) mm, (1.04 +/- 1.3) mm. (1.10 +/- 2.3) mm, and (2.03 +/- 1.7) mm, (2.81 +/- 2.3) mm, (2.33 +/- 3.0) mm for gantry angle was 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 315 degrees, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It is simple and feasible for setup error verification by observing patients' SSD and can be auxiliary to other verification means.</p>

Viral pathogens of acute lower respiratory tract infection in China.

OBJECTIVES: To document the viral etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRIs) in Chinese children. SETTING: Children Hospital, Zhejiang University, China. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional. PARTICIPANTS: 34885 children with ALRI between January 2001 to December 2006. METHODS: Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from all subjects. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), type 1 to 3 parainfluenza viruses (PIV), and type A and B influenza virus (Flu) were detected by direct immunofluorescence. RESULTS: Viruses were identified in 32.3% cases, including RSV (23.6%), PIV 3 (4.3%), Flu A (2.0%), ADV (1.7%), PIV I (0.6%), Flu B (0.2%) and PIV 2 (0.1%). RSV and PIV 3 predominated in younger children while Flu A and Flu B predominated in older children (P<0.001, respectively). PIV 1 was more prevalent in children aged 1 to 3 years. The peak frequency of RSV, PIV 3 and Flu A were in early spring, June to August, and August and September, respectively. Flu B had a peak in the winter and spring. Adenovirus infections occurred in all seasons with a relatively constant frequency. CONCLUSIONS: Viruses are an important cause of ALRIs in Chinese children constituting 1/3 of total cases. RSV is the most common pathogen.

The effects of dexamethasone and hyperbaric oxygen on the survival of subdermal vascular networks / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To study the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) and/or hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the subdermal vascular network (SVN).Methods SVNs were selected on dorsal skin flaps of 40 Wistar rats.The animals were divided randomly into a control group,a DEX group,a HBO group and a HBO+DEX group.Cranially based,2.5 cm?10 cm dorsal SVN skin flaps were sharply incised and elevated between the dartos and SVN,then sutured to their beds.On the 7th postoperative day,the surviving flap area was measured along with the number of new capillary,the thickness of meat tissue and the number of infiltrated neutrophilie granulocytes in the SVN skin flap.Results The mean surviving flap area for the control group was 7.90 cm~2,for the DEX group it was 10.48 cm~2,for the HBO group 15.53 cm~2,and for the DEX+HBO group it was 15.58 cm~2.The improvement in surviving flap area was highly statistically signifieant compared with the control.The improvement was also statistical- ly significant when the HBO group or HBO+DEX group was compared with the DEX group.However,no statistically significant difference was found between the HBO group and HBO+DEX group.Conclusion In a rat dorsal skin flap model,DEX or HBO improved skin flap viability,but DEX alone is not as efficacious as HBO or as DEX+ HBO.DEX plus HBO showed no additive beneficial effect over HBO alone.